Kick off session # 13 – Nathan Wallis on the teenage brain

 

In this session, Nathan Wallis shares his ideas on the teenagebrain. As per previous presentation (2015), Nathan provides a good overview. 

Alan Hoskins facilitates the session. This time around Nathan begins with the anatomy of the human brain, with the 4 brains. Re-emphasised that 3 of the brains are presents in all mammals. Humans have a well evolved brain 4 – the cortex with the frontal cortex the most relevant to today’s presentation. The frontal cortex takes time to develop fully and is essential in development of our emotions, conscience, empathy etc.

Explained the function of brain scans and how they are useful in understanding how we tick. Large scale brain scan studies over the last few years show frontal cortex maturity to be beyond the late twenties and for some people, into the early thirties.

In general, female’s brain mature earlier (between 18 -24) with males much later. The better the nurturing/’data’ during the first 1000 days of life = better language and interrelationship skills going into the future. First born children have major advantages compared to their siblings, due to focussed attention. Therefore, in general, first born females mature earliest. Summarised balancing risks (single parent, parent in jail etc.) with advantages/resilience (one parent at home during first year, two parents, active grandparents/extended family, bilingual, music learning).

Returned to importance of brains 1, 2 and 3 which are conduits to brain 4. Brain 1 referred to as the survival brain. Brain 2 controls movements and brain 3 is the feeling/emotional brain.

Shared Perry’s neuro-sequential model (2002) as an overview. Revealed the 4 brains using human development from birth to adolescents using the neuro-sequential model. The frontal cortex tends to have to do a re-wiring around 14 – 17 as it deals with the developments required to mature. Hence, the teenage years are challenging.  10 year olds often have better emotional control than 15 year olds! Adolescence involves putting the frontal cortex onstream from 19% to 90%. Adults use 90% and use this to logically think through impact, consequences etc. Teenagers unable to engage the large frontal cortex input required and return to the emotional/limbic brain.

Introduced the need for balance within brain activity. When brain 1 is active, the cortex is less so and vice versa. To effectively use the cortex, requires the brainstem to be calm. Therefore, if brainstem is disturbed, learning is not supported. Explains why mindfulness is useful as it helps relax the brainstem. Connecting new/challenging learning with learners’ context/interests/motivations helpful in getting the frontal cortex up. Accessing cortex during exam is better if limbic system is relaxed. Recommended ‘boxed breathing’ as one way to calm down so the cortex is engaged to its maximum capacity when required.

Recommended the following to help learners learn. Use cognitive training to help learning occur – tell them what to do (not what not to do!) – describe the learning that you want – as 25% of the cortex will visualise it. Well-reinforced, this leads to changes in behaviour. Meet needs of the brain stem by calming it down to prepare for learning.

A good overview using good examples to illustrate complex ideas. 

As always, important to remember neuroscience is still on a journey to understand how the human brain works. As per understanding behaviour - see overview of book - behave - "things are complicated. We may understand some of the underlying biological basis for behaviour but there are many contributing factors beyond the biological. There is never one factor or cause, but a multitude of interactions, concurrent shifts, biological and social coevolution etc." 

CPIT 'lightning presentations' - embracing 21st Century learners

Attended and presented at today,s lunch time session from Diploma in Tertiary Learning and Teaching and from staff who presented at the recent National Tertiary Learning and Teaching conference. Format is for Pecha Kucha, lightning type presentations of 5 minutes each. So lot of short sharp presentations.

Smoothing the landing: Creating a MOOC for new international students  (Kevin Brennan and Rowan Jeffrey, Learning Services) as per NTLT presentation, introducing staff to a MOOC created to assist new students to study skills and academic literacies. Covered rationale, pedagogical approach as to MOOCs, identification if topics through student forums and staff voices and preview of some of the content.

A model for ‘blending’ a highly interactive f2f course – Lynette Winter and Niki Hannan (Teacher Education) also as per NTLT presentation, bringing active learning approach into Moodle. Covered rationale and approach. Course re organised from scratch to not lose what was already working and to bring strategies in to make the blend work - attend workshop, complete online activity and apply learning to their work.

The positives of negative marking (Steve Tomsett, Engineering). Provided rationale and how it works. Presented marking schedule to show how it works. Negative marking deducts marks for errors and total mark may overlap. Argues negative marking allows relative and absolute importance.

From Lurking to Posting: Encouraging student engagement in on-line course content (Julie Richards, Midwifery). Presented brief background and approach using OB3. What works - connection before engagement, prompt lecturer response, learning activities require individualised response and importance of student created content.

Social Work: introducing flipped lessons  (Karen Argyle, Social Work). Learnt about flip learning from last years session! Talked on strategy used to create content and evaluation used to work out if students have engaged and why. Next year, intends to teach one as flipped and other without to see if any differences.

Using self-reflection and peer review to increase understanding of assignment criteria: the pros and cons (Arifah Addison, Computing). Summarised approach and details of how deployed. Especially to allow introverted students to be in a more comfortable way to provide feedback and scaffold to better attainment of social and communication skills.

Creating models for explaining concepts (Paul McGowan, Electrical Trades). Brought along a physical example to help students understand difficult concepts, especially concepts that may not follow common-sense. Detailed adventures in learning how to create animations (with literature showing mixed impact of animations on learning).

Aligning graduate profile framed qualifications with occupational identity indicators  (Selena Chan, Academic Services Division) as summarised in previous post.

Trades engineering (embedded numeracy for YG students) (Bernie Streeter, Engineering/Manufacturing at Trades). Using teaching techniques to help dis engaged students learn trade maths. Provided background and improvements made, based on understanding of concepts as presented recently at the trades campus by Nathan Mikaere-Wallis.

Presented on a example on learning surface speed formula to move from the concrete to the representative to the abstract. Especially covering how to use physical object to cover representative concepts.

Engineering the write way (Bruce Morrison, Humanities) as presented at NTLT. Provided rationale to integrate technical literacy into engineering fundamentals  first year course. Lab reports used to assist students to learn ways of scientific thinking and communication.

Project-based learning: Making it real (Lynne Coker, Business). Context based learning to develop soft skills. Lynne summarised a presentation from NTLT by Wendy Trimmer & Juliana Korzon from Whitireia. Scenarios were used to assist nursing students learn how to make clinical judgments.

Using One NoteClassroom Creator as a tool for improving students’ report writing skills in engineering (Lindsey Alton, Engineering). Summarised the pilot and evaluation run this semester with engineering students to assist learning how to write lab reports. 

The teenage brain

 Attended a short presentation with Nathan Mikaere-Wallis who is an educator with a trust, Brainwave Trust Aotearoa, set up to disseminate neuroscience research on brain development from birth to adulthood to NZ organisations.

Most of the trust’s work is focused on supporting better outcomes for young children as the bulk of brain development occurs in the first 1000 days, the first three years of life. Our brain grows by a third during the first 1000 days and the various networks in the frontal context and our efficacy to learning etc. are set up at this crucial life stage. For summary, see wiki by Nathan and podcast on National Radio on what 3 to 7 year olds should learn.

Much of the framework supporting early brain development is based on the Perry neurosequential model. More also from the childtrauma academy.

In short, our brains have evolved over millions of years. We have a brain stem(brain 1) which takes care of our physical needs to keep us alive. Then there is the brain 2 which ensures we move as it controls motion etc. Brain 3 is the limbic brain which provides us with our emotions / feelings / motivations etc. and brain 4 the neocortex, allows us to learn complex cognitive tasks like reading and writing.

Babies need dyadic attachment relationships to ensure brain development progresses well during the crucial 1000 days. We are primed to learn how to read and write at 7. During adolescence, there is a period of reconsolidation and reconstruction in the neocortex at average age of 27. Girls generally mature beyond adolescences between 18 and 24, boys between 22 and 32. The adolescence phase is theorised to exist as that is the time we have evolved to be sexually active and begin procreation. However, contemporary society is not in synch, with child birth in women now pushed well into the 30s.

Having a dyadic relationship during adolescence may assist in helping young men engage with learning. Perhaps why apprenticeship work as young men are ‘primed’ to be receptive to building a relationship with a mentor at this stage in life development.

Will need to do some reading around this area to see if there is synergy in bringing some of the concepts into my area of interest - occupational identity formation especially at the beginning of apprenticeship.