Monday, June 26, 2023

How education works: Teaching, Technology and Technique - book overview

 This book by Professor Jon Dron - How education works - teaching, technology and technique - is available for download for the time being and then opened for purchase as an e or print book.

The book is not too long (not quite 300 pages), consisting of  preamble (2 chapters), 3 parts (the rest of the 8 chapters) and an epilogue. Each chapter, lays out the argument, moves through the narrative and provides connections from one chapter to the next..

The book is written for the wider educational practitioner and researcher audience, with examples drawn from the school and higher education sectors.

Firstly, in the first chapters, he lays out the premises of learners' self-direction and how, when one is motivated to learn (mostly intrinsically), it does not matter how the learning transpires and what mode of delivery is used. In the long run, learners will learn, if they want to!

The 'role' of technology is discussed in chapter 3 and extended in chapter 4 with the call to view the deployment of technology, in a holistic manner. Technology is not a solution but a means, which works for many but perhaps not for all.

Chapter 5 then puts forward the premise that it is our interaction with technology, not the technology itself, which is the key to understanding how technology can be usefully used to support, enhance learning - not only for content, but for constructivist learning to occur. Technology is both a conduit and assistant, not just for access of content. He posits that the application of technology could be 'soft' (flexible, distributed, complex etc.) or 'hard' (reliable, regular, structured etc.)

From chapters 6 to 8, the connections between how learning occurs, and the affordances from technology are discussed. Firstly, that learning is distributed and this allows technologies to provision access to this web or network of learning (Chapter 6). Chapter 7 undertakes an overview of the educational theories - objective, subjective and complex - and provides some connections to the general thrust of the book, that learning is co-participative. The in chapter 8, the aspirations and direction of co-participation are discussed and pondered.

The last two chapters, performs the synthesis between the first section on technologies, and the section on learning theories. Using a series of 'case studies' from his own experiences and introduced through the previous chapters, he details the challenges inherent in through reflection and why the cases have been important in his development of a better understanding of how education happens. Chapter 9 provides the narratives and chapter 10 the discursive sections. Chapter 10 revisits the 'statements' or 'myths' he wanted to explore, dispel, support etc. bringing the argument anchoring the book, to a sort of a conclusion.

The epilogue, closes the book with encouragement for readers, to think through more clearly, what education means and how education had occurred for them. 

A thought provoking book. Clearly written with good use of examples most teachers will be able to relate to, regardless of the context they teach in. As per the quote at the beginning of the book, it is not what we do, but how we do it, that gets results. Teaching is and always will be more than making sure learners tick off a series of learning outcomes, pass assessments, or attain high grades. It is about understanding what motivates learners and provisioning the tools that will help each learner, reach their potential as human beings. 






Monday, June 19, 2023

Sentience – the invention of consciousness

Wet weekend allowed for a read of the most recent book written by Nicholas Humphrey, Sentience - published 2022. In doing, I am re-igniting my readings on consciousness in light of all the claims around Artificial Intelligence. Firstly, I reviewed the books I had read on the topic in the past. The summaries on this blog include the following:: 

- Soul dust -  arguing for the existence of a soul, also by Nicholas Humphrey.

- A day in the life of the brain - what is consciousness made up of?

- The secret life of the mind - on the origins and composition of thought, identity and consciousness.

- The problem of the soul - explores the religious and neuroscience perspectives on the existence of a soul.

- Touching a nerve: the self as brain - neuroscience and its contribution to understanding how we think, be and are. 

I had a look in the local library and came across Nicholas Humphrey’s latest book. Here are notes taken as I worked through the many concepts introduced and discussed through the book.

The book has 24 short chapters, each covering or rationalising a topic or concept.

The first 1/3 of the book, provides a overview of Humphrey's initial work on understanding sensing. Hindsight provides connections with the work undertaking through the 1960s and 1970s and how various studies on how sight and other senses work, to present understandings of what makes sentience.

The overall argument is that sentience requires not only the ability to sense, but to sense with qualia. That is, to be able to appreciate the nuances of experiences being sensed, to enjoy or articulate (externally and internally) these, and to draw on these individualised reactions, to not only provide the grist for decision making etc. but also to attain joy, satisfaction, etc. He posits that vertebrates have sentience, but it is on a continuum with some birds/mammals possessing 'higher' sensate abilities and also the neural capabilities to experience qualia. Invertebrates, exampled by octupi, may have high levels of sensing and make autonomous decisions, but do not view the world in sufficient spectrum to display sentienness. 

The above takes up most of the rest of the book as each contribution to sentience is defined, explored, discussed and evaluated. In all, we could say that at this moment in time, AI may have 'sensing' but not sentience as it only draws from data to make decisions on what to output, but does not have the ability (as yet) to appreciate the glory or implications of what it pronounces. 

All in, a short read but with profound concepts, explained in clear language with examples most lay people will be able to connect with. Recommended reading for those interested in whether AI is currently sentient and the thresholds it has to meet to exhibit sentience. 

Monday, June 12, 2023

New digital work - book link and first impressions

 A new open access book - New Digital work: Digital sovereignty at the workplace, edited by Alexandra Shajek and Ernst Andreas Hartmann, published by Springer 2023 with international authors across 15 chapters.

Worth browsing and picking up relevant chapters. Topics include AI, neural networks, immersive environments, digital equity, robotics etc.


Tuesday, June 06, 2023

Sal Khan - How AI could save (not destroy) education

 Another inspirational video from Sal Khan of Khan Academy.

He provides a pathway for all educators to take heed. Content is no longer the focus of education and has not been for many decades. Its the skills required to evaluate and utilise content which are the keys to the future. A future whereby AI is poised to take over 300 million jobs and change the nature of work for billions. The use of AI as a personalised learning tool is one way to democratise education and to provision education for all with access to digital devices and infrastructure. 

AI may not take all jobs - including those which require those which are really creative, those requiring the deployment of complex interpersonal skills and relationships, and jobs that require mobility, dexterity and problem solving abilities (i.e. may craft trades).

Khan academy already provisions opportunities to use it for personalised practice and mastery, especially of STEAM skills at the compulsory / foundational school levels. These fundamental skills of literacy and numeracy along with the conceptual understanding of our the world works, are essential for all to springboard from when working with AI agents. Otherwise, AI generated content becomes uncritically accepted and this will lead to a decline in critical thinking. Thinking is a deliberate and learned act, therefore, practice essential in ensuring that foundational skills are well embedded before relying on AI generated solutions.